Question Bank - Agriculture Officer

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Polyembryonic fruit crop develops many ______

A.
embryos
B.
leafs
C.
stems
D.
roots

Solution:

Polyembryonic refers to the development of many embryos. When two or more two embryos develop from a single fertilized egg, then this phenomenon is known as Polyembryony. According to Webber, polyembryony is classified into three different types :Cleavage Polyembryony: In the case of this type, a single fertilized egg gives rise to a number of embryos. Simple polyembryony: In this type, a number of embryos develop as a result of the fertilization of several archegonia. Rosette polyembryony: Additional embryos develop from the rosette cells in certain gymnosperms, this type of polyembryony is termed rosette polyembryony. Polyembryonic fruit crop:The phenomenon in which more embryos are present within a single seed is called polyembryony. It may result due to Nucellar embryony e. g. , CitrusDevelopment of more than one nucleus within the embryo sac (in addition to the egg embryo during the early stages of development) leading to multiple embryos (e. g. conifers). The occurrence of polyembryony is widespread in all citrus species but the number of embryos per seed varies from species to species. In rough lemon, it varies from 3 to 5. In mango certain cultivars are reported to be polyembryonic with the number of embryos ranging from 2 to 10 and the germination percent from 40 to 87. Polyembryonic seedlings can be identified from their true seedlings by their uniformity and vigorous growth, while the seedling arising from fertilized embryos will be weak. The greater vigor in polyembryonic nucellar seedlings is probably due to the elimination of viruses. In mango, polyembryony was determined by a single dominant gene. In citrus, all the species are polyembryonic in nature except C. medica (Citron) and C. grandis (Pumelo) which are monoembryonic. Though nucellar embryony in citrus is of great value for producing vigorous, uniform, and virus-free plants, the phenomenon is an obstacle in hybridization. In polyembryonic cultivars, the vigorous growth of nucellar embryos inhibits the growth of the zygotic embryo and causes its degeneration prior to seed maturation. Such abortive embryos can be rescued by tissue culture. Hence, Polyembryonic fruit crops develop many embryos.

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