Lev Vygotsky is a Russian Psychologist who proposed the theory of Socio-cultural development. In this theory, Vygotsky emphasizes the role of society and culture in the development of the child. According to him, there are three main needs for the development of the child and these are- Social interaction, Culture, and Language. According to Lev Vygotsky, cognitive development is dependent on the social interaction among people.The student learns through society, social norms, culture, etc.Student can improve their cognitions, by engaging in group discussions, team works, activities, etc.Vygotsky opposes the ideas of Piaget, according to Piaget cognitive development is only dependent on physical and biological abilities, but Vygotsky opposes it and said that cognitive development is dependent on social factors also.So by all these references, we can conclude that social interactions play a significant role in transforming basic mental capacities into higher cognitive processes.?Important Points Vygotsky also proposed three basic needs of students during learning, these are:ZPD (zone of proximal development): The difference between the learning of a child by self and the learning of a child with the help of others(society, culture, etc).Scaffolding: Scaffolding is the term, given by Vygotsky, in which he proposed that the temporary help given by the teachers, family, friends, etc. to the children in his learning.MKO (more knowledgeable others)- Vygotsky defined the œMore Knowledgeable Other (MKO) as anyone who has a better understanding or a higher ability level than the learner, particularly in regards to a specific task, concept, or process. MKO could be teachers, parents, tutors, and even peers.Additional Information Lev Vygotsky argues that communication is the driving force behind speech in both adults and children. According to Vygotsky, there are mainly three types of speech are there-Social Speech: In no way is this speech related to intellect or thinking. In this stage, a child uses speech to control the behavior of others. A child uses speech to express simple thoughts and emotions such as crying, laughter and shouting. This speech begins when a child is about 2 years or above.Private Speech: Private speech is speech spoken to oneself for communication, self-guidance, and self-regulation of behavior. It is between the ages of two and seven that children can be observed engaging in private speech. Although it is audible, it is neither intended for nor directed at others.Silent/Inner Speech: This is a speech in which the use of words or word images in thinking without audible or visible speaking. The ability of this type of speech comes when a child is about 7 years or above.