Concept:A vector is an organism that can spread disease from an infected person to an uninfected person i.e an individual without having the disease.The illness caused by vectors is known as vector-borne disease.Mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas are examples of vectors that carry the causative microbe for various diseases.Climate and weather have an effect on the reproduction rates of vectors.They are capable of transmitting infectious diseases between humans and animals.Many of these vectors are bloodsucking insects that eat disease-causing microorganisms during a blood meal from an infected host (human or animal) and then transfer the pathogen to a new host once it has reproduced. Explanation:About Malaria:Malaria spreads only by the disease-carrying mosquitoes.The vector of malaria is the female anopheles mosquito.Malaria spreads only when a female mosquito that has bitten a malaria patient bites another person.A blood test is done to check if a person has malaria or not.People with malaria get a fever with chills, sweating, headache, nausea and rigours.Malaria is caused by protozoan Plasmodium.In early times, the dried and powdered bark of the Cinchona tree was used to make medicine for malaria.Earlier people used to boil the bark powder and strain the water which was given to patients.Now tablets are made from this in the form of quinine, chloroquine is given to patients.Thus, Malaria is a vector-borne diseaseImportant PointsKwashiorkor:Kwashiorkor is a disease caused due to a deficiency of protein.Also known as protein malnutrition.?It is seen in infants under the age of 5 years.Symptoms:Pot Belly.Loss of muscle mass.Long-lasting infections.Hair fall and loss of hair colour.Stunt height, and underweight.Anaemia.Additional Information VitaminVitamersSolubilityDiseasesSourcesVitamin ARetinol, retinal, and four carotenoidsFatNight-blindness, Hyperkeratosis, and KeratomalaciaOrange, ripe yellow fruits, leafy vegetables, carrots, pumpkin, squash, spinach, liverVitamin B1ThiamineWaterBeriberi, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndromePork, oatmeal, brown rice, vegetables, potatoes, liver, eggsVitamin B2RiboflavinWaterAriboflavinosisDairy products, bananas, popcorn, green beans, asparagusVitamin B3Niacin, niacinamideWaterPellagraMeat, fish, eggs, many vegetables, mushrooms, tree nutsVitamin B5Pantothenic acidWaterParesthesiaMeat, broccoli, avocadosVitamin B6Pyridoxine, pyridoxamine, pyridoxalWaterAnaemia peripheral neuropathy.Meat, vegetables, tree nuts, bananasVitamin B7BiotinWaterDermatitis, enteritisRaw egg yolk, liver, peanuts, certain vegetablesVitamin B9Folic acid, folinic acidWaterMegaloblast and deficiency during pregnancy are associated with birth defects, such as neural defects.Leafy vegetables, pasta, bread, cereal, liverVitamin B12Cyanocobalamin, hydroxycobalamin, methylcobalaminWaterMegaloblastic anaemiaMeat and other animal productsVitamin CAscorbic acidWaterScurvyMany fruits and vegetables, liverVitamin DCholecalciferolFatRickets and OsteomalaciaFish, eggs, liver, mushroomsVitamin ETocopherols, tocotrienolsFatDeficiency is very rare; mild hemolytic anemia in newborn infants.Many fruits and vegetables, nuts and seedsVitamin Kphylloquinone, menaquinonesFatBleeding diathesisLeafy green vegetables such as spinach, egg yolks, liver