In a closed pipe, only odd harmonics are produced.The frequencies of harmonics are in the ratio of 1: 3: 5.....?Important PointsEach natural frequency that an object or instrument produces has its own characteristic vibrational mode or standing wave pattern. A harmonic is an integer (whole number) multiple of the fundamental frequency.The harmonics generated depend on the note or chord being played, and each frequency will produce different harmonics.The harmonics heard are based on the fundamental frequency being played and produce a lower amplitude (or volume) as they increase from 1st to 8th harmonic.Additional InformationWhen a string is fixed at both ends, two waves traveling in opposite directions simply bounce back and forth between the ends.This will produce even harmonics.When air is blown into the open organ pipe, the air column vibrates in the fundamental mode.Antinodes are formed at the ends and a node is formed in the middle of the pipe.The frequencies of harmonics are in the ratio of 1: 2 : 3...