1. Video Conferencing:Video conferencing is a technology that allows users in different locations to hold face-to-face meetings without having to move to a single location together. Video conferencing's main advantage over teleconferencing is that users can see each other, which allows them to develop stronger relationships. Video conferencing is a live video-based meeting between two or more people in different locations using video-enabled devices. Video conferencing allows multiple people to meet and collaborate face to face long-distance by transmitting audio, video, text, and presentations in real-time through the internet. 2. Teleconferencing:A teleconference or teleseminar is the live exchange and mass articulation of information among several persons and machines remote from one another but linked by a telecommunications system. Terms such as audio conferencing, telephone conferencing, and phone conferencing are also sometimes used to refer to teleconferencing. Internet teleconferencing includes internet telephone conferencing, video telephony, web conferencing, and augmented reality conference. Internet telephony involves conducting a teleconference over the Internet or a Wide Area Network. One key technology in this area is Voice over Internet Protocol (VOIP). 3. Optical fiber:Optical fiber is the technology associated with data transmission using light pulses traveling along with a long fiber which is usually made of plastic or glass. Metal wires are preferred for transmission in optical fiber communication as signals travel with less damagesFiber optics, or optical fibers, are long, thin strands of carefully drawn glass about the diameter of a human hair. These strands are arranged in bundles called optical cables. So, the optical fiber transmits €œdata€ by light to a receiving end, where the light signal is decoded as data4. VOIP:Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), is a technology that allows us to make voice calls using a broadband Internet connection instead of a regular (or analog) phone line. VoIP is the technology that converts our voice into a digital signal, allowing us to make a call directly from a computer, a VoIP phone, or other data-driven devices. We may also hear it referred to as IP telephony, internet telephony, broadband telephony, or broadband phone service. We'll need a reliable internet connection such as DSL, cable, or fiber from an Internet Service Provider (ISP). The standard bandwidth required for VoIP is 100 Kbps per device. Video-conferencing is a face-to-face interaction between two or more two people while teleconferencing is a live exchange of information among several people connected with a telephonic system. On the other hand, optical fiber is the technology associated with data transmission using light pulses, while VOIP is the technology that converts our voice into digital form, and then call is directly done by a computer system or other data-driven devices. VOIP allows a phone call to be routed over network wires. Hence, option (4) is correct.