Lev Vygotsky is a Russian Psychologist who proposed the theory of Socio-cultural development. In this theory, Vygotsky emphasizes the role of society and culture in the development of the child. According to him, there are three main needs for the development of the child and these are-Social InteractionCultureLanguageVygotsky also proposed the needs of a child in learning and these are:ZPD (zone of proximal development)ScaffoldingMKO (make knowledgeable others)ZPD (zone of proximal development): The difference between the learning of a child by self and the learning of a child with the help of others(society, culture, etc).Example: Ability to learn subtraction and will likely be able to master it with guidance and support.?Scaffolding- Temporary help is given to a child in learning by their peers, family members, teachers, etc.Example: When infants are learning how to walk, they often start by holding onto the clothes or hands of an adult or older child, who guides them.MKO (make knowledgeable others)- Vygotsky defined the œMore Knowledgeable Other (MKO) as anyone who has a better understanding or a higher ability level than the learner, particularly in regards to a specific task, concept, or process. MKO could be teachers, parents, tutors, and even peers.Example: A child learns multiplication of numbers because his tutor teaches him well.?So option (4) is the correct answer.?Additional InformationLev Vygotsky argues that communication is the driving force behind speech in both adults and children. According to Vygotsky, there are mainly three types of speech are there-Social Speech (From 2 years)express simple thoughts and emotions such as crying, laughter and shouting.Private Speech (From 3 years)spoken to oneself for communication, self-guidance, and self-regulation of behavior.Silent/Inner Speech (From 7 years)use of words or word images in thinking without audible or visible speaking