The development of cognitive, emotional, intellectual, and social capabilities and functioning of the child over the course of a normal life span, from infancy through old age.The main characteristics of the development are-Development is a continuous process.Development is a course from Womb to Tomb.Development is not linear, it is spiral in shape. There are many contemporary theories on the development of children by many psychologists, their views on the "Childhood Period" as- By Jean Piaget: In cognitive development theory, Jean Piaget considers development in childhood by-By Family members, School, peer groups, etc.Lev Vygotsky: In Socio-cultural theory, he considers the overall development of a child is depending on 3 factors -Social InteractionCultureLanguageSo by these theories we can say that the contemporary theorists consider childhood as a "Social Construction". Hence Option (1) is the correct answer.??