Lev Vygotsky is a Russian Psychologist who proposed the theory of Socio-cultural development. In this theory, Vygotsky emphasizes the role of society and culture in the development of the child.Vygotsky also said that for intellectual development, social and practical activities are required. Cognitive development is the product of the dynamic relations between the individual and society. There is a mutual relation between individual and society and it has its impact on both individual and society. Social interaction influences cognitive development by creating cognitive structures and thinking processes. Lev Vygotsky, a contemporary of Jean Piaget proposed a theory of cognitive development known as Socio-Cultural Theory.The society and culture of the children play a vital role in the development of their cognition.Sign system or the language of the society works as a tool in gaining knowledge.Inputs from others and especially from more knowledgeable people and adults have the capacity to affect the development of cognition. Thus, we can consider that Lev Vygotsky's theory of moral development is facilitate cognitive development.Important Points Vygotsky also proposed three basic needs of students during learning, these are Zone of proximal development (ZPD), Scaffolding, and Making knowledgeable others (MKO).Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD): The concept of MKO is closely related to ZPD. According to Vygotsky, ZPD is the difference between the present level of development attained without anyones assistance and the potential level of development that can be attained under the guidance of MKO.Scaffolding: Scaffolding is the term, given by Vygotsky, in which he proposed that the temporary help given by the teachers, family, friends, etc. to the children in his learning. MKO (more knowledgeable others): Vygotsky defined the œMore Knowledgeable Other (MKO) as anyone who has a better understanding or a higher ability level than the learner, particularly in regards to a specific task, concept, or process. MKO could be teachers, parents, tutors, and even peers.Additional Information Four Principles of Vygotsky:Children construct their own knowledge: It is rightly said that knowledge is not transferred passively, but is personally constructed by the individual. It means that for the transfer of knowledge, some medium is necessary on the basis of which knowledge can be received but every individual has his/her own way of perceiving the things and as per his/her perception or understanding, he/she constructs his/her knowledgeAcquisition of knowledge cannot take place without social context: It is correct to say that knowledge cannot be acquired without social context as a human being is a social being and he/she lives in society by following certain rules, and norms of the society, and learn or expand his/her knowledge by interacting with the social surroundings. Learning is mediated: Mediated learning takes place when there is an interaction between a learner and a person who is more knowledgeable and helps the learners to modify stimuli and change their own cognitive structure. The person can be a parent, adult, grandparent, or peer and is called by Vygotsky a More Knowledgeable Other (MKO).Language plays a central role in cognitive development: Language is the means of communication and socialization. With the passage of time, it becomes a tool for cognitive development or thinking.