ConceptIPv4 uses classful addressing scheme or Classless addressing schema.In both addressing scheme, an IPv4 address consists of Network part and Host partIPV4 size consists of 32 bits<---------------32 bit------------>NIDHID NID + HID = 32 bits, Here NID means Network id and HID means Host idClassful addressing schemeClassLeading bits (Reserved)Network ID (bits)Number of NetworksHost ID (bits)Start AddressOR Network addressEnd AddressORBroadcast addressClass A0827240.0.0.0127.255.255.255Class B101621416128.0.0.0191.255.255.255Class C110242218192.0.0.0223.255.255.255Class D1110Not DefinedNot DefinedNot Defined224.0.0.0239.255.255.255Class E1111Not DefinedNot DefinedNot Defined240.0.0.0255.255.255.255 Consider Class B,First address is 128.0.0.0, that is, Network address)Last address is 191.255.255.255, that is broadcast address)Therefore for a network, the first IPv4 address is the network address and the last IPv4address is the broadcast address