Explanation:Chipko movement: It is primarily a forest conservation movement.It was started in 1970 aimed at protecting trees.It was started from Reni village in Garhwal, in the northern Himalayan segment i.e. Uttarakhand.Sunderlal Bahuguna is a prominent environmentalist from Garhwali and a member of the Chipko movement.The Chipko Andolan (Hug the Trees Movement) was the result of a grassroots-level effort to end the alienation of people from their forests.The idea of the Chipko movement was of his wife and he took the action.He has been fighting for forest protection in the Himalayas for years, first as a leader of the Chipko movement in the 1970s, and then led the Anti-Tehri Dam campaign from the 1980s until early 2004.The Chipko movement was awarded the Right Livelihood Award in 1987 "for its commitment to conserving, preserving and ecologically sustainable use of the natural resources of India."Chipko-type movements date back to 1730 AD when 363 Bishnois sacrificed their lives in the village of Prasanna Khamkar in Rajasthan to save the Khejri trees.Additional InformationNamami Gange Programme: It was started in 2014.Namami Gange Programme is an Integrated Conservation Mission, approved by the Government of India.It was started with a budget outlay of Rs.20,000 Crore to accomplish the twin objectives of effective abatement of pollution, conservation, and rejuvenation of National River Ganga.The River Ganga is important not only for its cultural and spiritual significance but also because it hosts more than 40% of the countrys population.Narmada Bachao Andolan:Narmada Bachao Andolan is a social movement led by social activists Medha Patkar and Baba Amte.The aim of this movement was to provide project information and legal representation to the affected residents of Narmada valley. This movement initiated by native tribals (Adivasis), farmers, environmentalists, and human rights activists.The river flows through the states of Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, and Maharashtra. Sardar Sarovar is the project related to Narmada Bachao Andolan.Environmental Protection Act:Environment Protection Act, 1986 Act of the Parliament of India.In the wake of the Bhopal gas Tragedy or Bhopal Disaster, the [Government of India] enacted the Environment Protection Act of 1986 under Article 253 of the Constitution.Passed in March 1986, it came into force on 19 November 1986.