Environmental studies are both an area of learning and an approach to learning. It is an approach through which a child is actively involved in the process of learning. In this process he/she systematically explores, his/her surroundings. As the child explores and learns about different aspects of his/her environment he/she also develops certain mental skills.In EVS mainly these approaches are followed to develop the understanding/learning of EVS in students:observations,?By observing our surroundings.recognition,The perception of something as existing.?recording,?Making the summary of data.collection of data,?Collection by observation of data.interpretation of data.The process of assigning meaning to the collected data.?generalizing,Based on facts (Example: Birds have wings.)concluding,To form an opinion as a result.drawing inferences.?Draw a picture based on your knowledge.?So option (4) is the correct answer.Important PointsObservational learning refers to the process of change in the behavior of one person simply by being exposed to another persons behavior. This second person is known as the model.Example: A child watches their parents folding the laundry.Social constructivism is defined as, a social group constructing things for one another, collaboratively creating a small culture of shared artifacts with shared meanings.Example: Cooperative learning, problem-based learning, etc.Associationism is the theory that complex mental processes, such as thinking, learning, and memory, can be wholly or mainly explained by the associative links formed between ideas.Behaviorism is a theory of learning that believes learning occurs through teachers' rewards and punishments that lead to changes in behavior.