Bruner developed the idea that if complex material is broken down into essential ideas, any student can learn any subject matter. He developed the concept of a spiral curriculum. According to Bruner, learning is an active process in which learners construct new ideas and concepts based on their current/past knowledge. The learner selects and transforms information, constructs hypotheses make decisions, and rely on cognitive structures to do so. Features of the spiral learning:The curriculum should, therefore, be organized in a spiral manner so that students can build upon what they have already learned.His concept of spiral curriculum is based on the idea that any subject can be taught effectively in some intellectually honest form to any child at any stage of development.Every student is a unique individual, she/he learns and responds to situations in her/his way constructing new ideas and concepts based upon their current/past knowledge.The learner should be presented with a problem situation and motivated to seek alternative solutions.The learner should be actively engaged in the learning process, and varied experiences should be provided to learners to ensure that their individual needs and individual differences are properly addressed.It is also important to reinforce an important juncture as such knowledge would be useful in moving forward to the achievement of the goal.Hence Students learning in a spiral way is true about the students learning EVS.Additional InformationOn the other hand, remaining all options are false as students' minds are not empty slates, they come with a lot of knowledge to school, and not every student thinks in the same way.