Question Bank - General Science

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Which of the following organelles is NOT bound by a membrane?

A.
Nucleus
B.
Ribosome
C.
Lysosome
D.
Golgi apparatus

Solution:

The correct answer is Ribosome.Concept:Cell organelles:These are like small organs present inside the cell.Each of them has distinct structures and Specific functions to perform.Some of them are membrane-bound while some are not.Cell organelles found inside the cell are as follows:NucleusEndoplasmic reticulumGolgi apparatusLysosomeRibosome VacuolePlastidsExplanation:Ribosomes:These are the protein factories of the cell.They are made up of 2 subunits- one large and one small.They lack a membrane around them. ?Additional InformationNucleus:It is a double membrane-bound structure that contains the genetic material (DNA).It is the control center of the cell.? Endoplasmic reticulum (ER):These are a network of tubules or sheets or vesicles. They are of two types, rough and smooth. Rough ERSmooth ERRibosomes attached to its surface give a rough appearance under the microscopeRibosomes are not attached to its surfaceSynthesizes proteinsSynthesizes fat molecules or lipidsGolgi apparatus:They were first described by Camillo Golgi.These are flat disc-like structures arranged in stacks parallel to each other. They modify, package, and transport the proteins and lipids synthesized by ER in and out of the cell.Lysosomes:These are small vesicles separated from the Golgi apparatus. They contain strong digestive juices.They digest the foreign particles entering the cell, or damaged cell organelles.That's why they are called waste disposal systems.?Mitochondria:It is a double membrane-bound sausage-shaped structure. It is called the powerhouse of the cell.It generates ATP molecules through cellular respiration. ATP molecules carry energy that can be used by cells to carry out different functions. Vacuoles:These are sac-like membrane-bound structures. They either store reserve food material, or waste generated by the cell. They are quite large in plant cells but small in animal cells. Plastids:These are double membrane-bound structures that contain pigments. They are of three types:Chloroplast - contains chlorophyll, the green pigment, found in leaves and green parts of plants.Chromoplast - contains pigments of different colors, found in petals and fruits of the plant.Leucoplast - colourless, stores carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.colours

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