Explanation:Carbon and its compounds:Carbon is an element with the symbol C and the atomic number 6.It is an element of group 14 on the periodic table.It is nonmetallic and tetravalent in nature.Tetravalency is a character to make 4 covalent bonds for a given carbon in the chain.There are three isotopes of carbon 12C, 13C, and 14C.Compounds that contain carbon as one of their constituents are called carbon compounds.There are two types of carbon compounds- organic and inorganic.Organic carbon compounds can be obtained from living things.Inorganic carbon compounds are obtained from non-living things which have high melting and boiling points.Examples of organic carbon compounds are protein, methane, starch, etc.Examples of inorganic carbon compounds are carbon dioxide, chalk, sodium carbonate, etc.?Carbon is found in the universe in three allotropic forms - diamond, graphite and fullerene.Important PointsOrganic carbon compounds have covalent bonds.Graphite is an allotrope of carbon which is the only good conductor of heat and electricity.Graphite is also used as a lubricant in many machines.Diamond is the hardest substance known.Diamond is also an allotropic form of carbon which is used as a precious stone.Diamond is the most commonly used stone in jewellery making.