Question Bank - Logical Reasoning

Here's the question bank on all the logical reasoning topics.

Which of the following is taken to mean inference by elimination, in which the inferred character is the residuum of a process of elimination that excludes other characters?

A.
Purvavat Anumana
B.
Sheshavat Anumana
C.
Samanyatodrshta
D.
Paksa

Solution:

The correct answer is Sheshavat Anumana.Se?avat refers to one of the three divisions of anum?na (inference), according to Gautamas 2nd-century Nyayasutra. Gautama divides anum?na into three kinds ” purvavat, sesvat, and samanyatod???aImportant PointsSheshavat Anumana:It is An inference in which we infer the unperceived cause from a perceived effect.For E.g. we infer the past rain from a swift muddy current of water in the river.Inference of the saline taste of other seawater from tasting one drop of the seawaterAdditional InformationAmanyatodrishta:It is when inference is not based on causation but on uniformity of co-existenceIn this there is no direct cause and effect relationship as between fire and smoke.The inference is drawn from the universal experience regarding such an incident.For instance, if there is a change of place, there must have been a movement as known from our common experience.Similarly, when we see the moon in different positions at long intervals, we infer that it moves, though the actual movement itself is not easily or clearly perceivablePurvavat It means as seen earlier.?It means inferring an unperceived effect from a perceived cause.For Example, inferring future rain from the appearance of dark heavy clouds in the sky.Paksa:It is the minor term in Nyaya philosophy logic statement.Paksa is to be perceived, but not inferred.The paksa is the subject where we establish something. This something is not considered directly but indirectly. The consideration is depending on inference.

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